使用Hadoop MapWritable数据类型
MapWritable:这是用来存储一个key-value对的map。key和value应该都是Writable数据类型。 可以像下面这样使用该MapWritable函数。
MapWritable valueMap = new MapWritable(); valueMap.put(new IntWritable(1),new Text("test"));
不过,我们应该意识到,由于包含了存储在该map中的每个对象的类名,所以MapWritable的序列化增加了轻微的性能损失。
案例描述
现在有如下的员工信息:
这些信息存储在数据文件input.txt中,如下:
1201,gopal,45,Male,50000 1202,manisha,40,Female,51000 1203,khaleel,34,Male,30000 1204,prasanth,30,Male,31000 1205,kiran,20,Male,40000 1206,laxmi,25,Female,35000 1207,bhavya,20,Female,15000 1208,reshma,19,Female,14000 1209,kranthi,22,Male,22000 1210,Satish,24,Male,25000 1211,Krishna,25,Male,26000 1212,Arshad,28,Male,20000 1213,lavanya,18,Female,8000
要求编写MapReduce应用程序,处理输入数据集,按性别找出不同年龄组中最高薪水的员工 (例如, 小于20岁, 21岁至30岁之间, 大于30岁),并输出。
一、创建Java Maven项目
Maven依赖:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>HadoopDemo</groupId> <artifactId>com.xueai8</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <dependencies> <!--hadoop依赖--> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.hadoop</groupId> <artifactId>hadoop-common</artifactId> <version>3.3.1</version> </dependency> <!--hdfs文件系统依赖--> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.hadoop</groupId> <artifactId>hadoop-hdfs</artifactId> <version>3.3.1</version> </dependency> <!--MapReduce相关的依赖--> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.hadoop</groupId> <artifactId>hadoop-mapreduce-client-core</artifactId> <version>3.3.1</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.hadoop</groupId> <artifactId>hadoop-mapreduce-client-jobclient</artifactId> <version>3.3.1</version> </dependency> <!--junit依赖--> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.12</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <!--编译器插件用于编译拓扑--> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <!--指定maven编译的jdk版本和字符集,如果不指定,maven3默认用jdk 1.5 maven2默认用jdk1.3--> <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> <configuration> <source>1.8</source> <!-- 源代码使用的JDK版本 --> <target>1.8</target> <!-- 需要生成的目标class文件的编译版本 --> <encoding>UTF-8</encoding><!-- 字符集编码 --> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>
MapWriteMapper.java:
package com.xueai8.mapwritable; import java.io.IOException; import org.apache.hadoop.io.IntWritable; import org.apache.hadoop.io.LongWritable; import org.apache.hadoop.io.MapWritable; import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text; import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Mapper; public class MapWriteMapper extends Mapper<LongWritable, Text, Text, MapWritable> { private final Text genderKey = new Text(); private final MapWritable mapValue = new MapWritable(); // 一行输入数据:1201,gopal,45,Male,50000 @Override public void map(LongWritable key, Text value, Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException { String[] str = value.toString().split(",", -1); // 分词 int age = Integer.parseInt(str[2]); // 取年龄 int salary = Integer.parseInt(str[4]); // 取薪资 mapValue.put(new Text("age"), new IntWritable(age)); mapValue.put(new Text("salary"), new IntWritable(salary)); genderKey.set(str[3]); context.write(genderKey, mapValue); // 写出 } }
CaderPartitioner.java:自定义分区器
package com.xueai8.mapwritable; import org.apache.hadoop.io.IntWritable; import org.apache.hadoop.io.MapWritable; import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text; import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Partitioner; // 根据给定的分区条件,输入的key-value对数据基于年龄条件可以被分为三部分 public class CaderPartitioner extends Partitioner<Text, MapWritable> { @Override public int getPartition(Text key, MapWritable value, int numReduceTasks) { // 从MapWritable中按key对值 Text ageKey = new Text("age"); IntWritable ageWritable = (IntWritable)value.get(ageKey); // IntWritable ageWritable = (IntWritable)value.get(new Text("age")); // 转换为java的int类型 int age = ageWritable.get(); // 计算并返回分区id if (numReduceTasks == 0) { return 0; } if (age <= 20) { return 0; } else if (age > 20 && age <= 30) { return 1 % numReduceTasks; } else { return 2 % numReduceTasks; } } }
MapWriteReducer.java:
package com.xueai8.mapwritable; import java.io.IOException; import org.apache.hadoop.io.IntWritable; import org.apache.hadoop.io.MapWritable; import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text; import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Reducer; public class MapWriteReducer extends Reducer<Text, MapWritable, Text, IntWritable> { private final Text outKey = new Text(); private final IntWritable outValue = new IntWritable(0); @Override public void reduce(Text key, Iterable<MapWritable> values, Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException { int max = -1; // 遍历值迭代器,计算每个key(性别)的最大薪资 for (MapWritable val : values) { IntWritable salary = (IntWritable) val.get(new Text("salary")); if (salary.get() > max) { max = salary.get(); } } outKey.set(key); outValue.set(max); context.write(outKey, outValue); } }
MapWriteDriver.java:
package com.xueai8.mapwritable; import java.io.IOException; import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration; import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path; import org.apache.hadoop.io.IntWritable; import org.apache.hadoop.io.MapWritable; import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text; import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Job; import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.FileInputFormat; import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.TextInputFormat; import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.output.FileOutputFormat; import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.output.TextOutputFormat; public class MapWriteDriver { public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, IOException, InterruptedException { if (args.length < 2) { System.err.println("用法: MapWriteDriver <input_path> <output_path>"); System.exit(-1); } Configuration conf = new Configuration(); Job job = Job.getInstance(conf, "PartitionerDemo"); job.setJarByClass(MapWriteDriver.class); // set mapper job.setMapperClass(MapWriteMapper.class); job.setMapOutputKeyClass(Text.class); job.setMapOutputValueClass(MapWritable.class); // 设置自定义分区器 job.setPartitionerClass(CaderPartitioner.class); // set reducer job.setReducerClass(MapWriteReducer.class); job.setNumReduceTasks(3); // 指定三个分区 job.setOutputKeyClass(Text.class); job.setOutputValueClass(IntWritable.class); FileInputFormat.addInputPath(job, new Path(args[0])); FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, new Path(args[1])); job.setInputFormatClass(TextInputFormat.class); job.setOutputFormatClass(TextOutputFormat.class); System.exit(job.waitForCompletion(true) ? 0 : -1); } }
二、配置log4j
在src/main/resources目录下新增log4j的配置文件log4j.properties,内容如下:
log4j.rootLogger = info,stdout ### 输出信息到控制抬 ### log4j.appender.stdout = org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender log4j.appender.stdout.Target = System.out log4j.appender.stdout.layout = org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern = [%-5p] %d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss,SSS} method:%l%n%m%n
三、项目打包
打开IDEA下方的终端窗口terminal,执行"mvn clean package"打包命令,如下图所示:
如果一切正常,会提示打jar包成功。如下图所示:
这时查看项目结构,会看到多了一个target目录,打好的jar包就位于此目录下。如下图所示:
四、项目部署
请按以下步骤执行。
1、启动HDFS集群和YARN集群。在Linux终端窗口中,执行如下的脚本:
$ start-dfs.sh $ start-yarn.sh
查看进程是否启动,集群运行是否正常。在Linux终端窗口中,执行如下的命令:
$ jps
这时应该能看到有如下5个进程正在运行,说明集群运行正常:
5542 NodeManager 5191 SecondaryNameNode 4857 NameNode 5418 ResourceManager 4975 DataNode
2、将数据文件sample.txt上传到HDFS的/data/mr/目录下。
$ hdfs dfs -mkdir -p /data/mr $ hdfs dfs -put input.txt /data/mr/ $ hdfs dfs -ls /data/mr/
3、提交作业到Hadoop集群上运行。(如果jar包在Windows下,请先拷贝到Linux中。)
在终端窗口中,执行如下的作业提交命令:
$ hadoop jar com.xueai8-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar com.xueai8.mapwritable.MapWriteDriver /data/mr /data/mr-output
4、查看输出结果。
在终端窗口中,执行如下的HDFS命令,查看输出结果:
$ hdfs dfs -ls /data/mr-output
会发现生成了三个输出结果文件,每个reducer(每个分区)对应一个输出文件。
查看第一个结果文件中的内容:
$ hdfs dfs -cat /data/mr-output/part-r-00000
可以看到如下的输出结果:
Female 15000 Male 40000
查看第二个结果文件中的内容:
$ hdfs dfs -cat /data/mr-output/part-r-00001
可以看到如下的输出结果:
Female 35000 Male 31000
查看第三个结果文件中的内容:
$ hdfs dfs -cat /data/mr-output/part-r-00002
可以看到如下的输出结果:
Female 51000 Male 50000